Journal: Pharmacognosy Magazine

Article Title: Fucoidan Attenuated Kidney and Bone Damage Caused by CKD-MBD in Mice by Upregulating Klotho

doi: 10.1177/09731296231172549

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Fucoidan Treatment Reversed the Changes of Serum Biochemical Indexes Caused by the Modeling. A–D, the Levels of BUN, Creatinine, ALP, and Pi in the Serum of Mice in the Five Groups were Detected by an Automatic Biochemical Analyzer. E–G, the Levels of iPTH, FGF23, and 1,25 (OH)2D3 in the Serum of Mice in the Five Groups Were Determined by ELISA. H, the Relative BMD of Mice in the Five Groups Was Measured by X-Ray Densitometers.

Article Snippet: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) The contents of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3, DHVD3) in the serum were measured by the Mouse iPTH ELISA Kit (E-EL-M0709, Elabscience, China), Mouse FGF23 ELISA Kit (E-EL-M2415C, Elabscience, China), and Mouse DHVD3 ELISA Kit (E-EL-0016C, Elabscience, China), respectively.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Molecular medicine reports

Article Title: Reparative effects of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia pre‑treatment on intervertebral disc degeneration in rats.

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12689

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. Effect of CIHH on the expression of bFGF protein in degeneration disc tissue. (A) Western blotting of bFGF protein at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. (B) Western blotting data distribution of bFGF proteins at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. (C) bFGF protein expression levels at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks in three groups. (D) Expression trend of bFGF protein. n=16 for each group; n=4 for each time point. *P<0.05 vs. CON group; #P<0.05 vs. IDD group. bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; CIHH, chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia; IDD, intervertebral disc degeneration disease group; CON, control.

Article Snippet: The Haematoxylin‐eosin/He Staining kit, Modified Safranine O‐Fast Green FCF Cartilage Stain kit, and Masson's Trichrome Stain kit were purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Rat bFGF ELISA kit (cat. no. E‐EL‐R0091c), Rat HIF‐1α eliSa kit (E‐EL‐R0513c) and TGF‐β1 ELISA kit (E‐EL‐0162c) were purchased from Elabscience Biotechnology, Inc. For the western blotting experiments, collagen I(WL0088), collagen II(WL03082) and TGF‐β1 (Wl02193) antibodies were purchased from Wanleibio co., ltd., and the bFGF (E‐AB‐15525) antibody was purchased from Elabscience Biotechnology, Inc.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Pyruvate Upregulates Hepatic FGF21 Expression by Activating PDE and Inhibiting cAMP–Epac–CREB Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.3390/ijms23105490

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pyruvate upregulated FGF21 expression and secretion in HepG2 cells. ( A ): pyruvate dose-dependently stimulated FGF21 gene expression after 12 h treatment in HepG2 cells (** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 3). ( B ): FGF21 protein levels in cell medium significantly increased after pyruvate treatment (** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 10). ( C ): The cell viability was not influenced by pyruvate treatment, as shown by MTT assay ( n = 10). ( D ): D-LDH levels in cell medium were not changed by pyruvate treatment ( n = 10).

Article Snippet: Human and mouse FGF21 ELISA kits, cAMP assay kits, the ALT activity assay kit, the AST activity assay kit and the LDH assay kit were obtained from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression, Control, MTT Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Pyruvate Upregulates Hepatic FGF21 Expression by Activating PDE and Inhibiting cAMP–Epac–CREB Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.3390/ijms23105490

Figure Lengend Snippet: cAMP reduction caused pyruvate-stimulated FGF21 expression in HepG2 cells. ( A ): The activation of PPAR-α and AMPK was not involved in pyruvate-stimulated FGF21 expression (** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 3). ( B ): AC activator forskolin, PDE inhibitor IBMX and 8-Bromo-cAMP administration significantly inhibited FGF21 expression and suppressed pyruvate-stimulated FGF21 expression (* p < 0.05 vs. control, # p < 0.05 vs. pyruvate group, n = 3). ( C ): Forskolin, IBMX and 8-Bromo-cAMP inhibited pyruvate-stimulated increase in FGF21 protein levels in cell medium (* p < 0.05 vs. control, # p < 0.05 vs. pyruvate group, n = 10). ( D ): Pyruvate decreased intracellular cAMP levels in HepG2 cells (** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 12).

Article Snippet: Human and mouse FGF21 ELISA kits, cAMP assay kits, the ALT activity assay kit, the AST activity assay kit and the LDH assay kit were obtained from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Pyruvate Upregulates Hepatic FGF21 Expression by Activating PDE and Inhibiting cAMP–Epac–CREB Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.3390/ijms23105490

Figure Lengend Snippet: Epac and CREB were involved in pyruvate-stimulated FGF21 expression in HepG2 cells. ( A ): Epac inhibitor ESI-09 but not PKA inhibitor H89 upregulated FGF21 expression and eliminated the stimulatory effect of pyruvate on FGF21 expression (** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 3) ( B ): CREB inhibitor 666-15 upregulated FGF21 expression and eliminated the stimulatory effect of pyruvate on FGF21 expression (** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 3). ( C , D ): Pyruvate reduced CREB phosphorylation without influencing the total CREB protein levels (** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 3).

Article Snippet: Human and mouse FGF21 ELISA kits, cAMP assay kits, the ALT activity assay kit, the AST activity assay kit and the LDH assay kit were obtained from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Phospho-proteomics

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Pyruvate Upregulates Hepatic FGF21 Expression by Activating PDE and Inhibiting cAMP–Epac–CREB Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.3390/ijms23105490

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pyruvate upregulated FGF21 expression and secretion in mouse hepatic AML-12 cells. ( A , B ): Pyruvate stimulated FGF21 expression and secretion in AML-12 cells (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 6). ( C ): Pyruvate decreased intracellular cAMP levels in AML12 cells (* p < 0.05, n = 5). ( D ): Pyruvate increased PDE activities in AML-12 cells (* p < 0.05, n = 5).

Article Snippet: Human and mouse FGF21 ELISA kits, cAMP assay kits, the ALT activity assay kit, the AST activity assay kit and the LDH assay kit were obtained from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Pyruvate Upregulates Hepatic FGF21 Expression by Activating PDE and Inhibiting cAMP–Epac–CREB Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.3390/ijms23105490

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pyruvate upregulated FGF21 expression in mice in vivo. ( A ): Intraperitoneal injection of pyruvate significantly increased serum pyruvate levels in C57BL/6J mice compared with the control (** p < 0.01, n = 10). ( B ): The pyruvate-treated mice had significantly higher FGF21 gene expression in liver than the control (** p < 0.01, n = 10). ( C ): Serum FGF21 levels were not changed by pyruvate treatment in mice compared with the control ( n = 10). ( D ): cAMP levels in mouse liver were significantly decreased by pyruvate treatment in mice (* p < 0.05, n = 10). ( E ): PDE activity in mouse liver was significantly activated by pyruvate injection in mice (* p < 0.05, n = 10). ( F ): CREB phosphorylation was inhibited in liver after pyruvate injection compared with the control. ( G , H ): ALT and AST activities in mouse serum were not significantly different between pyruvate-treated group and the control group. ( I ): H&E staining showed that the liver tissues had normal morphology in mice of pyruvate-treated group without obvious difference to the control (bar is 20 μm).

Article Snippet: Human and mouse FGF21 ELISA kits, cAMP assay kits, the ALT activity assay kit, the AST activity assay kit and the LDH assay kit were obtained from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, In Vivo, Injection, Control, Gene Expression, Activity Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Staining

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Pyruvate Upregulates Hepatic FGF21 Expression by Activating PDE and Inhibiting cAMP–Epac–CREB Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.3390/ijms23105490

Figure Lengend Snippet: The diagram of pyruvate-stimulated FGF21 expression in hepatocytes. cAMP–Epac–CREB signaling inhibits FGF21 expression in human and mouse hepatocytes. Pyruvate activates PDEs to reduce cAMP levels and then inhibits cAMP–Epac–CREB signaling to upregulate FGF21 expression in hepatocytes.

Article Snippet: Human and mouse FGF21 ELISA kits, cAMP assay kits, the ALT activity assay kit, the AST activity assay kit and the LDH assay kit were obtained from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Regenerative Therapy

Article Title: Extracellular vesicles derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells prevent synovial inflammation and attenuate cartilage degeneration in rodent osteoarthritis

doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2025.101056

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differential gene expression besed on Single-cell RNA sequencing of joint cell clusters following extracellular vesicle (EVs) treatment . ( a-d ) Comparison of gene expression in EVs, PBS, and WT groups (a) in Cluster 6 (chondrocyte progenitors) (COL2A1, COL1A2, PRG4, MMP3, CCL2, and FGF18). ( b ) in Cluster 1 (NK cells) (CD14, MRC1, CD163, CD86, CD80, and NOS2). ( c ) in Cluster 8 (Mesenchymal cells) (COL2A1, COL1A2, PRG4, CCL2, and FGF18) ( d ) in Cluster 4 (Neutrophils) (APOE, AGPAT4, HAPLN1, CDKN1C, MET, and CEMIP2). (e) Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that the proportion of CD11b + CD163 + M2 macrophages was approximately 2.5-fold higher in the EVs-treated group compared to the PBS-treated group.

Article Snippet: After 24 h of stimulation, the supernatant was collected and the amount of Fibroblast Growth Factor 18 (FGF18) protein in the supernatant was measured using Human FGF18 ELISA set (Elabscience Biotechnology Inc.).

Techniques: Gene Expression, RNA Sequencing, Comparison, Flow Cytometry